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| Keywords: Evidence of human-induced global warming - patterns of temperature change produced by various atmospheric factors, 1958-1999 (USGCRP).png en From the cited public-domain source - US Global Change Research Program USGCRP 2009 Climate simulations of the vertical profile of temperature change due to various factors and the effect due to all factors taken together The panels above represent a cross-section of the atmosphere from the north pole to the south pole and from the surface up into the stratosphere The black lines show the location of the tropopause the boundary between the lower atmosphere troposphere and the stratosphere <br/><br/> This set of climate simulations provides evidence of human-induced climate change From USGCRP 2009 Another fingerprint of human effects on climate has been identified by looking at a slice through the layers of the atmosphere and studying the pattern of temperature changes from the surface up through the stratosphere In all climate models increases in carbon dioxide cause warming at the surface and in the troposphere but lead to cooling of the stratosphere For straightforward physical reasons models also calculate that the human-caused depletion of stratospheric ozone has had a strong cooling effect in the stratosphere There is a good match between the model fingerprint in response to combined carbon dioxide and ozone changes and the observed pattern of tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling <br/><br/> In contrast if most of the observed temperature change had been due to an increase in solar output rather than an increase in greenhouse gases Earth ™s atmosphere would have warmed throughout its full vertical extent including the stratosphere The observed pattern of atmospheric temperature changes with its pronounced cooling in the stratosphere is therefore inconsistent with the hypothesis that changes in the Sun can explain the warming of recent decades Moreover direct satellite measurements of solar output show slight decreases during the recent period of warming <br/><br/> References More details about this image can be found in the following publication Ramaswamy V et al 2006 Figure 1 3 in Chapter 1 Why do temperatures vary vertically from the surface to the stratosphere and what do we understand about why they might vary and change over time in http //www climatescience gov/Library/sap/sap1-1/finalreport/default htm Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere Steps for Understanding and Reconciling Differences Karl T R et al eds Synthesis and Assessment Product 1 1 U S Climate Change Science Program Washington DC p 25 USGCRP Karl T R et al eds http //www globalchange gov/publications/reports/scientific-assessments/us-impacts/full-report Global Climate Change in the United States http //www globalchange gov/publications/reports/scientific-assessments/us-impacts/full-report/global-climate-change Global Climate Change http //www globalchange gov/HighResImages/1-Global-pg-21 jpg Patterns of Temperature Change Produced by Various Atmospheric Factors 1958-1999 Cambridge University Press The image can also be viewed as part of the http //www globalchange gov/resources/gallery USGCRP image gallery http //www globalchange gov/resources/gallery func viewcategory catid 1 Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States http //www globalchange gov/resources/gallery func viewcategory catid 2 Chapter 1 Global Climate Change http //www globalchange gov/resources/gallery func download catid 2 id 8 Global Climate Change_8 download USGCRP 2009 From the cited USGCRP 2009 http //library globalchange gov/products/assessments/2009-national-climate-assessment/2009-global-climate-change-impacts-in-the-united-states report http //library globalchange gov/downloads/download php id 102 page 4 of PDF This report was produced by an advisory committee chartered under the Federal Advisory Committee Act for the Subcommittee on Global Change Research and at the request of the U S Government Therefore the report is in the public domain The http //www globalchange gov/resources/gallery func viewcategory catid 2 USGCRP image gallery also states The images available in the globalchange gov image gallery are not copyrighted by the USGCRP; they may therefore be used for educational instructional or personal uses as is seen fit The only exception to this rule pertains to the logos of the USGCRP and Climate Change Science Program -- these images may be used solely for the business of their respective organization <br/><br/>If any images below are used then credit must be given to the USGCRP through the form of a caption such as Image credit U S Global Change Research Program www globalchange gov In addition if the image is being used on a webpage then there must be a hyperlink directing the reader to www globalchange gov Global warming Earth's atmosphere PD-USGov | ||||
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