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| Keywords: bookid:laboratoryexerc00alle bookidlaboratoryexerc00alle bookyear:1892 bookyear1892 bookdecade:1890 bookdecade1890 bookcentury:1800 bookcentury1800 bookauthor:allen__charles_ricketson__1862___from_old_catalog_ bookauthorallencharlesricketson1862fromoldcatalog booksubject:physics booksubjectphysics bookpublisher:new_york__h__holt_and_company bookpublishernewyorkhholtandcompany bookcontributor:the_library_of_congress bookcontributorthelibraryofcongress booksponsor:the_library_of_congress booksponsorthelibraryofcongress bookleafnumber:81 bookleafnumber81 bookcollection:library_of_congress bookcollectionlibraryofcongress bookcollection:americana bookcollectionamericana minimalism monochrome text lines abstract bookid:laboratoryexerc00alle bookidlaboratoryexerc00alle bookyear:1892 bookyear1892 bookdecade:1890 bookdecade1890 bookcentury:1800 bookcentury1800 bookauthor:allen__charles_ricketson__1862___from_old_catalog_ bookauthorallencharlesricketson1862fromoldcatalog booksubject:physics booksubjectphysics bookpublisher:new_york__h__holt_and_company bookpublishernewyorkhholtandcompany bookcontributor:the_library_of_congress bookcontributorthelibraryofcongress booksponsor:the_library_of_congress booksponsorthelibraryofcongress bookleafnumber:81 bookleafnumber81 bookcollection:library_of_congress bookcollectionlibraryofcongress bookcollection:americana bookcollectionamericana minimalism monochrome text lines abstract Identifier: laboratoryexerc00alle Title: Laboratory exercises in elementary physics Year: 1892 (1890s) Authors: Allen, Charles Ricketson, 1862- [from old catalog] Subjects: Physics Publisher: New York, H. Holt and company Contributing Library: The Library of Congress Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: g only a fixed quantity and those meas^uring varying quantities.Of the latter kind, thetwo commonly used inlaboratory work are grad-uated cylinders and bu-rettes. The graduatedcylinder, often calledsimply a graduate, is aglass cylinder furnishedwith a foot so as to standupright, and with a scalefor reading volumes, usu-ally in cubic centimeters.The scale is engraved onthe glass, and arranged asin Fig. 45. There is along numbered line forevery 10 cu. cm., as a a.Between these are shorterlines, marking cubic centi-meters, as c c; and betweenthese, in turn, still shorterones, marking half cu. cm.Such a scale is said to readto 0.5 c.c. There are usu-ally two scales, one having! J the 0 at the top and the fig. 45. other at the bottom, the former used in measuring thevolumes of liquids poured out of the cylinder, the latterin measuring the volumes of liquids poured in. 68 MENSURATION. On looking horizontally at a graduate containing aliquid, the surface of the liquid appears as a dark band, Text Appearing After Image: usually curving down in the centre, as in Fig. 46. Thiscurve is called the meniscus, and the line correspond-ing to the lowest point of the meniscus is taken as thelevel of the liquid. The cylinder must be placed on afirm horizontal surface, and the eye brought to the levelof the meniscus and directly opposite the scale. In Fig.47 a represents the correct method of reading, b and cthe incorrect, b would give a reading greater and c lessthan the true one. Errors caused by failure to read ascale with the lrne of sight in the proper position are saidto be due to Parallax. The following method will avoidsuch errors: Take a piece of stiff paper about 1J X 4 inches, beingsure that the upper edge is clean and straight. Wrapitaround the cylinder, and allow a portion to project, asshown in Fig. 48. Grasp the projecting portion with thefinger and thumb, taking care that the upper and lower DETERMINATION OF VOLUMES. are even with each other. Draw the paper tightlyaround the cylinder, and move it Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work. Identifier: laboratoryexerc00alle Title: Laboratory exercises in elementary physics Year: 1892 (1890s) Authors: Allen, Charles Ricketson, 1862- [from old catalog] Subjects: Physics Publisher: New York, H. Holt and company Contributing Library: The Library of Congress Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: g only a fixed quantity and those meas^uring varying quantities.Of the latter kind, thetwo commonly used inlaboratory work are grad-uated cylinders and bu-rettes. The graduatedcylinder, often calledsimply a graduate, is aglass cylinder furnishedwith a foot so as to standupright, and with a scalefor reading volumes, usu-ally in cubic centimeters.The scale is engraved onthe glass, and arranged asin Fig. 45. There is along numbered line forevery 10 cu. cm., as a a.Between these are shorterlines, marking cubic centi-meters, as c c; and betweenthese, in turn, still shorterones, marking half cu. cm.Such a scale is said to readto 0.5 c.c. There are usu-ally two scales, one having! J the 0 at the top and the fig. 45. other at the bottom, the former used in measuring thevolumes of liquids poured out of the cylinder, the latterin measuring the volumes of liquids poured in. 68 MENSURATION. On looking horizontally at a graduate containing aliquid, the surface of the liquid appears as a dark band, Text Appearing After Image: usually curving down in the centre, as in Fig. 46. Thiscurve is called the meniscus, and the line correspond-ing to the lowest point of the meniscus is taken as thelevel of the liquid. The cylinder must be placed on afirm horizontal surface, and the eye brought to the levelof the meniscus and directly opposite the scale. In Fig.47 a represents the correct method of reading, b and cthe incorrect, b would give a reading greater and c lessthan the true one. Errors caused by failure to read ascale with the lrne of sight in the proper position are saidto be due to Parallax. The following method will avoidsuch errors: Take a piece of stiff paper about 1J X 4 inches, beingsure that the upper edge is clean and straight. Wrapitaround the cylinder, and allow a portion to project, asshown in Fig. 48. Grasp the projecting portion with thefinger and thumb, taking care that the upper and lower DETERMINATION OF VOLUMES. are even with each other. Draw the paper tightlyaround the cylinder, and move it Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work. Identifier: laboratoryexerc00alle Title: Laboratory exercises in elementary physics Year: 1892 (1890s) Authors: Allen, Charles Ricketson, 1862- [from old catalog] Subjects: Physics Publisher: New York, H. Holt and company Contributing Library: The Library of Congress Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: g only a fixed quantity and those meas^uring varying quantities.Of the latter kind, thetwo commonly used inlaboratory work are grad-uated cylinders and bu-rettes. The graduatedcylinder, often calledsimply a graduate, is aglass cylinder furnishedwith a foot so as to standupright, and with a scalefor reading volumes, usu-ally in cubic centimeters.The scale is engraved onthe glass, and arranged asin Fig. 45. There is along numbered line forevery 10 cu. cm., as a a.Between these are shorterlines, marking cubic centi-meters, as c c; and betweenthese, in turn, still shorterones, marking half cu. cm.Such a scale is said to readto 0.5 c.c. There are usu-ally two scales, one having! J the 0 at the top and the fig. 45. other at the bottom, the former used in measuring thevolumes of liquids poured out of the cylinder, the latterin measuring the volumes of liquids poured in. 68 MENSURATION. On looking horizontally at a graduate containing aliquid, the surface of the liquid appears as a dark band, Text Appearing After Image: usually curving down in the centre, as in Fig. 46. Thiscurve is called the meniscus, and the line correspond-ing to the lowest point of the meniscus is taken as thelevel of the liquid. The cylinder must be placed on afirm horizontal surface, and the eye brought to the levelof the meniscus and directly opposite the scale. In Fig.47 a represents the correct method of reading, b and cthe incorrect, b would give a reading greater and c lessthan the true one. Errors caused by failure to read ascale with the lrne of sight in the proper position are saidto be due to Parallax. The following method will avoidsuch errors: Take a piece of stiff paper about 1J X 4 inches, beingsure that the upper edge is clean and straight. Wrapitaround the cylinder, and allow a portion to project, asshown in Fig. 48. Grasp the projecting portion with thefinger and thumb, taking care that the upper and lower DETERMINATION OF VOLUMES. are even with each other. Draw the paper tightlyaround the cylinder, and move it Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work. Identifier: laboratoryexerc00alle Title: Laboratory exercises in elementary physics Year: 1892 (1890s) Authors: Allen, Charles Ricketson, 1862- [from old catalog] Subjects: Physics Publisher: New York, H. Holt and company Contributing Library: The Library of Congress Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: g only a fixed quantity and those meas^uring varying quantities.Of the latter kind, thetwo commonly used inlaboratory work are grad-uated cylinders and bu-rettes. The graduatedcylinder, often calledsimply a graduate, is aglass cylinder furnishedwith a foot so as to standupright, and with a scalefor reading volumes, usu-ally in cubic centimeters.The scale is engraved onthe glass, and arranged asin Fig. 45. There is along numbered line forevery 10 cu. cm., as a a.Between these are shorterlines, marking cubic centi-meters, as c c; and betweenthese, in turn, still shorterones, marking half cu. cm.Such a scale is said to readto 0.5 c.c. There are usu-ally two scales, one having! J the 0 at the top and the fig. 45. other at the bottom, the former used in measuring thevolumes of liquids poured out of the cylinder, the latterin measuring the volumes of liquids poured in. 68 MENSURATION. On looking horizontally at a graduate containing aliquid, the surface of the liquid appears as a dark band, Text Appearing After Image: usually curving down in the centre, as in Fig. 46. Thiscurve is called the meniscus, and the line correspond-ing to the lowest point of the meniscus is taken as thelevel of the liquid. The cylinder must be placed on afirm horizontal surface, and the eye brought to the levelof the meniscus and directly opposite the scale. In Fig.47 a represents the correct method of reading, b and cthe incorrect, b would give a reading greater and c lessthan the true one. Errors caused by failure to read ascale with the lrne of sight in the proper position are saidto be due to Parallax. The following method will avoidsuch errors: Take a piece of stiff paper about 1J X 4 inches, beingsure that the upper edge is clean and straight. Wrapitaround the cylinder, and allow a portion to project, asshown in Fig. 48. Grasp the projecting portion with thefinger and thumb, taking care that the upper and lower DETERMINATION OF VOLUMES. are even with each other. Draw the paper tightlyaround the cylinder, and move it Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work. | ||||
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