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| Keywords: The Bismillah India.jpg In this unusual calligraphic composition from southern India the Arabic phrase Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim In the name of God the Merciful the Compassionate is written four times right side up upside down and in reverse of each of these It is the opening phrase of all but one of the chapters of the Qur\'an In the little inscription in black ink above the page is referred to as a tughra a type of calligraphic emblem that originated in Turkey in the sixteenth century and became popular in India in the nineteenth Mirror writing in various cursive and squared scripts was a common practice in India Turkey and Iran in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Calligraphers were the most celebrated artisans in traditional Islamic cultures to repeat the Bismillah is to repeat the word of God; to do so in beautiful script is to glorify the word of God 1875-1900 Opaque watercolor and gold on paper Overall 19 5/8 x 11 13/16 in 49 8 x 30 0 cm Brooklyn Museum object history credit line Gift of Philip P Weisberg accession number 59 206 8 http //www brooklynmuseum org/opencollection/labs/splitsecond/painting php id 44 PD-Art Uploaded with UploadWizard Books of Andhra Pradesh Deccan style Hyderabad India in the 1870s Book covers from India Basmala in Arabic calligraphy Book covers in Arabic | ||||
