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Jerusalem, Israel, 1981. Rabbi with Torah texts and visitors at the Wailing Wall on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.

Jerusalem - Nov 15 2022:Orthodox Jewish man pray at the Western Wall a portion of ancient limestone wall in the Old City of Jerusalem that forms part of the larger retaining wall of the Temple Mount.

Jerusalem, Israel - January 1, 1995: Orthodox jewish man prays at the Western Wall in Jerusalem, Israel. Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem in 1967, including the Old City, was never internationally recognized.

Wide angle high view of the crowded Palestinian village of Silwan or Siloam, on the outskirts of the Old City of Jerusalem.

$Jerusalem, 11. 13. 2023:\nAccording to local tradition, after the Siege of Jerusalem in 637 by the Rashidun army under the command of Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Patriarch Sophronius refused to surrender except to the Caliph Omar (579-644) himself. Omar travelled to Jerusalem and accepted the surrender. He then approached the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Patriarch Sophronius invited the Caliph to pray inside the church, but Omar declined so as not to set a precedent and thereby endanger the church's status as a Christian site. Instead he prayed outside, on the steps east of the church. The Mosque of Omar was later built at that site, as evidenced by a stone plate with a Kufic inscription found in 1897 in the area of the eastern or outer atrium of the Constantinian (4th-century) Church of the Holy Sepulchre, defining this area as a mosque.\nThe current building of the mosque has a 15 metres (49 ft) high minaret that was built sometime before 1465 during the Mamluk period, maybe after the 1458 earthquake, and was renovated by Ottoman sultan Abdulmecid I (r. 1839–1860).$